Ocular Issues in Older Pets

As our pets get older, we expect a few grey hairs around the muzzle. What is easier to miss are the changes happening in their eyes - changes that can significantly affect their quality of life if left unaddressed.

At Middle Brighton Vet we see a range of ocular conditions in senior dogs and cats. Here is what to know.

Nuclear sclerosis versus cataracts

One of the most common things pet owners notice is a bluish-grey haze developing in their dog or cat's eyes. In most cases this is nuclear sclerosis - a normal ageing change where the lens fibres compress over time. It looks alarming but causes minimal impact on vision and does not require treatment.

Cataracts are different. They appear as a white, opaque cloudiness in the lens and can cause significant vision impairment. Unlike nuclear sclerosis, cataracts can progress and may benefit from surgical management in the right cases. If you are unsure which you are looking at, bring your pet in - we can tell the difference quickly.

Dry eye (keratoconjunctivitis sicca)

Dry eye is a condition where the tear glands do not produce enough of the watery component of tears, leading to chronic eye irritation, discharge, and over time, corneal damage. It is more common in older dogs and in certain breeds including Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, Shih Tzus, and West Highland Terriers.

What to watch for: thick, sticky discharge in the corners of the eyes, squinting, and a dull or red appearance to the eye surface. Dry eye is very manageable with the right treatment, but it does require ongoing medication to control.

Glaucoma

Glaucoma is an increase in pressure within the eye that causes pain and, if untreated, permanent vision loss. It can come on gradually or quite suddenly. Dogs in pain from glaucoma do not always vocalise it - they may simply seem quieter, less interested in things, or reluctant to have their head touched.

Signs to look for: a red or cloudy eye, a visibly enlarged eye, pawing at the eye, and behavioural changes. Glaucoma in its acute form is a genuine emergency. If you suspect it, call us promptly.

Entropion and eyelid changes

Older pets can develop changes to their eyelids - skin loosening and rolling inward so that lashes rub on the eye surface. This causes chronic irritation, tearing, and discomfort. It is correctable with a minor procedure and the improvement in comfort is immediate and significant.

How often should older pets have their eyes checked?

We recommend including an eye check as part of every senior wellness examination - at least once a year for dogs and cats over seven, and twice yearly for pets over ten. Many ocular conditions are much easier to manage when caught early.

When to call us

If you have noticed any changes in your pet's eyes - cloudiness, redness, discharge, squinting, or changes in behaviour - do not wait for the annual visit. Book a consult at Middle Brighton Vet and we will take a look.

Call us on (03) 9592 9811 or book online at middlebrightonvet.com.au/book-online.

Related services at Middle Brighton Vet: Consultations and Health Checks | Radiology (X-ray and Ultrasound)